Sociological Theories and How They Contribute to Our Understanding of Education

Emotional Expression Essay

Passionate demeanor is most ordinarily known by the mentalities individuals have and the outward appearances they convey in specific circumstances. You can without much of a stretch tell on the off chance that somebody is distraught, vexed, cheerful, or awkward in a given circumstance. Regardless of whether a great many people acknowledge it or not, their appearances can be easily figured out. More often than not, you can take a gander at somebody and see their assessment on an issue without having to really ask them what they think or how they feel. This is useful as a rule, however in some cases it would be better not to realize what individuals think or how they feel so it doesn’t impact your sentiment on the issue. Numerous savants have examined and contemplated outward appearances and the practices that are related with these articulations. â€Å"William James, a Harvard educator in the late nineteenth century, is a notable advocate of the view that seeing the substantial changes during feeling comprises the passionate experience, and without this observation, feeling would be pale and dismal. James contended firmly that there is nothing in the brain considered feeling that hastens in essence movement, rather the opposite is true† (Theories of feeling). William James and Karl Lange made the James-Lange hypothesis. This hypothesis recommends that feelings follow social reactions to occasions. This implies how you feel about the occasion will come after your response, regardless of whether you fled, remained still, climbed a tree, and so on. Conduct activities consistently precede feelings come into place. Another notable scholar of conduct is Charles Darwin. â€Å"Darwin’s work accentuated the organic utility of enthusiastic articulation. Subsequently, it added to the improvement of a transformative expressive way to deal with feeling, which proposes that feeling exists since it adds to endurance (Oatley, 1992)† (Emotional Processing). Darwin recommends that endurance relies upon passionate reactions. This implies individuals must feel and identify with an issue so as to make it out of the circumstance. On the off chance that the individual can't identify with the issue or make sense of what to do, at that point they will encounter a negative result since they couldn't enable their self to out of the issue. So as to make it anyplace in a general public, an individual must have the option to identify with the issue and have past encounters with the issue or know about a circumstance in which another person did so they have a thought of how to deal with the circumstance su ccessfully. Enthusiastic reactions have a significant influence in the endurance and support of any individual. So as to prevail throughout everyday life, an individual must have the option to deal with great and terrible encounters and gain from the encounters so they can deal with different things that life gives them. Certain circumstances include others and their sentiments, so it is significant for individuals to consider others in that circumstance so the emotions don't get injured and you don't lose a companion. Others affect your feelings and you affect their feelings, so consistently make sure to be careful in these circumstances and post for other people and not simply yourself.

50 Must-Read Books to Add to Your Bucket List

50 Must-Read Books to Add to Your Bucket List Whether youre an avid reader, a writer, or someone simply wanting to read the best literature of all time, weve compiled this list of 50 must-read books to put on your bucket list this year. Some are beloved and immortal classics, while others are more recently written but should not to be missed.#1. Les Misérablesâ€"Victor HugoVictor Hugos Les Misérables is a tale of triumph over insurmountable odds and love during the French Revolution.#2. 1984â€"George OrwellGeorge Orwells 1984 is a cautionary tale of the dangers of totalitarianism.#3. The Book Thiefâ€"Markus ZusakNarrated by Death itself, Markus Zusaks The Book Thief is the coming-of-age story of a young girl living in Nazi Germany during World War II.#4. Fahrenheit 451â€"Ray BradburyRay Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 is a classic dystopian novel about the power (and fear) of knowledge.#5. The Bell Jarâ€"Sylvia PlathSylvia Plaths The Bell Jar is a haunting American classic that explores the depths of the psyche and that narrators fai ling mental health.#5. Tuesdays with Morrieâ€"Mitch AlbomMitch Alboms Tuesdays with Morrie is a memoir about a series of memorable and thought-provoking visits Albom made to his former sociology professor Morrie Schwartz, as Schwartz is dying.#6. The Handmaids Taleâ€"Margaret AtwoodMargaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale is a dystopian novel set in a near-future New England, in a totalitarian state and theocracy in which most women are infertile.#7. The Grapes of Wrathâ€"John SteinbeckJohn Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath is a novel about love, hopelessness, and loss for tenant farmers during the Great Depression. It won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction.#8. Lord of the Flies â€" William GoldingWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies is a classic exploration of human nature and survival, when a plane carrying a group of English school boys crash lands on a deserted island.#9. Roots: The Saga of an American Familyâ€"Alex HaleyAlex Haleys Roots: The Saga of an American Famil y is considered to be one of the most important works of American literature in the 20th Century. It tells the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century African, who was sold into slavery, and his ancestors, which includes the author.#10. Great Expectationsâ€"Charles DickensCharles Dickens Great Expectations is full of colorful characters in contrasting bleak scenes of poverty, and tells the story of a young orphan named Pip.#11. I Know Why the Caged Bird Singsâ€"Maya AngelouMaya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is an autobiography describing the American poets early years. Dealing with issues such as race, cultural identity, literacy, and rape, the book is as much a piece of literature as it is the authors own story.#12. Gone with the Windâ€"Margaret MitchellMargaret Mitchells Gone With the Wind is an epic tale of the fall of the Old South, with one of the most memorable heroines in history.#13. Flowers for Algernonâ€"Daniel KeyesDaniel Keyes Flowers for Algernon was originally a short story and contains ethical and moral themes such as the treatment of the mentally disabled.#14. To Kill a Mockingbirdâ€"Harper LeeHarper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird handles themes of racial injustice and the destruction of innocence with compelling storytelling and beloved characters such as Atticus Finch, who set the bar for being a man of integrity and quiet strength.#15. The Alchemistâ€"Paulo CoelhoPaulo Coelhos The Alchemist is an allegorical novel that follows a young Andalusian shepherd as he journeys to the pyramids of Egypt, after having a recurring dream that he would find treasure there. It reiterates the adage, when you really want something to happen, the whole universe will conspire so that your wish comes true.#16. The Catcher in the Ryeâ€"J.D. SalingerJ.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye contains themes of angst and alienation, and is a literary critique on superficiality in society from an adolescents viewpoint.#17. Crime and Punishmentâ€"Fyodor DostoyevskyF yodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment delves into the mental anguish and moral dilemmas of Rodion Raskolnikov, a young man from Saint Petersburg who decides to kill a woman because she is unscrupulous in order to free himself from poverty. However, his choice brings about moral consequences he does not anticipate.#18. Animal Farmâ€"George OrwellGeorge Orwells Animal Farm is a modern fable that deals with the events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and beyond, particularly the the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union.#19. The Sound and the Furyâ€"William FaulknerWilliam Faulkners The Sound and the Fury contains several different narrative styles, including stream of consciousness. Set in Jefferson, Mississippi, the novel tells the story of the Compson family, former Southern aristocrats who are struggling to deal with the death of the Old South.#20. The Sun Also Risesâ€"Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises is about expatriates who travel from Paris to the F estival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls. Hemingways stark style of storytelling mixed with the grandeurs of Spain make this one of his most beloved novels.#21. On the Roadâ€"Jack KerouacJack Kerouacs On the Road is a roman à clef that defined the Beat and Counterculture generations following World War II. Its characters are representations of some of the most famous members of the Beat movements, including William S. Burroughs (Old Bull Lee), Allen Ginsberg (Carlo Marx) and Neal Cassady (Dean Moriarty), while Kerouac is the narrator, Sal Paradise.#22. Their Eyes Were Watching Godâ€"Zora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God explores traditional gender roles and the relationship between men and women, while remaining one of the most influential works in African American literature, particularly womens literature.#23. Things Fall Apartâ€"Chinua AchebeChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart is an archetypal modern African novel that chroni cles pre-colonial life in south-eastern Nigeria, along with the Europeans arrival during the late 19th century.#24. The Color Purpleâ€"Alice WalkerAlice Walkers The Color Purple won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction. It is an epistolary novel that takes place mostly in rural Georgia, focusing on the plight of African American women in the Southern United States in the 1930s.#25. Catch-22â€"Joseph HellerJoseph Hellers Catch-22 contains non-chronological third-person omniscient narration from multiple points of view, exploring the absurdity of war and military life.#26. Atlas Shruggedâ€"Ayn RandAyn Rands Atlas Shrugged is a dystopian novel that explores, according to the author, the role of mans mind in existence. Later considered a standard text for the philosophy of Objectivism, it advocates reason, individualism, and capitalism.#27. Invisible Manâ€"Ralph EllisonRalph Ellisons Invisible Man is a compelling exploration of life as a black man in mid-century America. Some of its themes include include black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the thoughts of Booker T. Washington.#28. Schindlers Listâ€"Thomas KeneallyThomas Keneallys Schindlers List is essential reading to understand the Holocaust, as well as how easily it happened. It tells the story of Oskar Schindler, a German man who helped many Jewish people escape death.#29. A Brief History of Timeâ€"Stephen HawkingStephen Hawkings A Brief History of Time boils down amazing and complicated concepts of modern physics into an laymans terms. It is a fascinating glimpse of the universe in which we live.#30. The Brothers Karamazovâ€"Fyodor DostoevskyFyodor Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov is an epic Russian novel that explores human psychology, economics, family ties, spirituality and atheism.#31. The Great Gatsbyâ€"F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby offers a critical look at the social history of Prohibition-era A merica during the Jazz Age and is set among the wealthy of 1920s New York City.#32. Midnights Childrenâ€"Salman RushdieSalman Rushdies Midnights Children follows Indias transition from British colonialism to independence, resulting in the partition of British India. As an example of magical realist literature, it follows the story of Saleem, who was born at midnight on the night of Indias independence. As one of only 1,001 children born that exact hour, he discovers that each was endowed with a unique ability.#33. Slaughterhouse-Fiveâ€"Kurt VonnegutKurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five is a semi-autobiographical tale of the firebombing of Dresden, Germany by British and American air forces. It follows the character of Billy Pilgrim, who travels with flashbacks, to his birth, death, and everything in between.#34. The Strangerâ€"Albert CamusAlbert Camus The Stranger demonstrates Camus idea of existentialism and is the account of Meursault, a French Algerian who attends his mothers funera l and murders a man, before being sentenced to death.#35. The Count of Monte Cristoâ€"Alexandre DumasAlexandre Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo tells the tale of Edmond, a young sailor from Marseilles, who is soon to be captain of his own ship marry the love of his life. The novel is set in France, Italy, and islands in the Mediterranean between 1815â€"1839, known as the Bourbon Restoration.#36. The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxyâ€"Douglas AdamsDouglas Adams The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy follows the comedic adventures of the last surviving man on planet Earth, Arthur Dent, as the planet is destroyed by a Vogon constructor fleet to make way for a hyperspace bypass.#37. Anna Kareninaâ€"Leo TolstoyLeo Tolstoys Anna Karenina is a massive undertaking, but one thats well worth it. Divided into eight parts, with multiple major characters, it is an 800-page exploration of themes of betrayal, sexual desire, faith, family, marriage, rural vs. city living, and the expectations of Imperia l Russian society.#38. Watchmenâ€"Alan MooreAlan Moores Watchman is set in an alternate 1985 America where superheroes reflect contemporary anxieties, are deconstructed and satirized. It follows several characters, one of which is the asked vigilante Rorschach, who uncovers a plot to kill all past and present superheroes.#39. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnâ€"Mark TwainMark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was declared by Ernest Hemingway to be the best book weve had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since. That recommendation, within itself, should be enough to want to put this fun adventure novel set against the racial problems of the American South on your bucket list.#40. The Old Man and the Seaâ€"Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea tells the tale of Santiago, an elderly Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba. It received the Pulitzer Prize in May 1953.#41. Of Mice and Menâ€"John SteinbeckJohn Steinbecks Of Mice and Men is a novella about George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers who travel California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression. The story is based on Steinbecks own experiences working with migrant farmers in the 1910s as a teenager, and is a beautiful exploration of how the search for meaning and work are intertwined.#42. The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobeâ€"C.S. LewisC.S. Lewis The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe is a fantasy novel set in Narnia. There are talking animals, mythical creatures, and an evil White Witch, along with four English children who move to a large, old country home following war.#43. Jane Eyreâ€"Charlotte BronteCharlotte Brontes Jane Eyre is written from the main characters first-person perspective, with deeply personal social criticism, including themes of class, sexuality, religion and feminism.#44. The Art of Wa râ€"Sun TzuSun Tzus The Art of War is the most influential military strategy text in East Asian history and has greatly influenced military thinking throughout the East and West, as well as business and legal strategy.#45. A Confederacy of Duncesâ€"John Kenney TooleJohn Kennedy Tooles A Confederacy of Dunces is a picaresque novel that has become a cult classic in Southern literature. It follows the exploits of Ignatius Jacques Reilly, a modern Don Quixote. It offers a rich, humorous depiction of New Orleans and life there.#46. The Roadâ€"Cormac McCarthyCormac McCarthys The Road is a post-apocalyptic masterpiece that tells the story of a father and his son who must survive in the aftermath of societys collapse.#47. The Selfish Geneâ€"Richard DawkinsRichard Dawkins The Selfish Gene is a seminal book on evolution in which Dawkins uses the term selfish gene to express a gene-centred view of evolution. It is a fascinating read and is listed by the Royal Society science book prize as the most influential science book of all time.#48. Lolitaâ€"Vladimir NabokovVladimir Nabokovs Lolita is a controversial, albeit classic, story of a middle-aged literature professor who becomes obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze.#49. The Hobbitâ€"J.R.R. TolkienJ.R.R. Tolkiens The Hobbit is a fantasy novel set within Tolkiens fictional universe and tells the story of Bilbo Baggins, whose heroic journey takes him from the comfort of home to more sinister places full of mythical beings.#50. Alices Adventures in Wonderlandâ€"Lewis CarrollLewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland tells of a young girl named Alice who falls through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world full of nonsense and lack of logic.

Dbq, Civil Rights Essay - 2472 Words

Name:_________________________________ US History 2 April 7, 2010 CIVIL RIGHTS DBQ (Document Based Question) Essay The Civil Rights Movement is understood as the collected efforts of many different groups and individuals struggling to achieve justice and equal treatment for all Americans. Several events shaped the time period, particularly those that either showed the extent of injustice and unfair or violent treatment, as well as took direct action against injustice. Additionally, significant events were those where Civil Rights leaders could celebrate a concrete victory, such as a court decision or a change in law. Moreover, the organizing principles and philosophies of the movement changed as different leaders and†¦show more content†¦_________________________________________________________________________________. _________________________________________________________________________________. 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Sports, Basketball, And Football - 975 Words

Sports. Some love them, some hate them, but even those who hate cannot deny their overwhelming popularity. America is home to many sports, basketball, and American football among the most popular. Spectators filling in thousands of seats at open stadiums, and hundreds of thousands more watching at home in front of their television. Both basketball and football have distinct, fundamental differences, however, they do not outweigh the similarities the two sports share. A franchise without their fans is similar to a kingdom without their subjects, and basketball and football share this common thread. Of course, without these adoring fans to watch them, what would they be? Basketball and football are aggressive, energetic sports and with that, aggressive and energetic fans. Fans who will paint their faces, dye their hair and even pay thousands of dollars for ground seats or memorabilia. These fans are very loud as well, as they cheer their teams on with shouts of encouragement or booing the competition. Being a fan of these sports may start as early as childhood, or since birth, and ignite a life-long love for that team or sport. Many children often find playing sports a great outlet or passion, and basketball and football are no exceptions to this. There are youth programs for both sports that a person can enroll their child in. As a child grows older they may be tempted to try out for the middle school teams, and even older the high school varsity or junior varsityShow MoreRelatedSports : Sports Football And Basketball Essay2194 Words   |  9 PagesSports Science 100 G essay – Chosen sports Football/Soccer and Basketball Football/Soccer Football has always been referred to as the beautiful game due to its simplicity and lack of pure physical punishment it is a gentleman’s game per say. 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Listening in Lectures Essay Example For Students

Listening in Lectures Essay Lectures are the main way of communicating knowledge in the classroom setting, so being able to listen well is an essential to success in one’s education. There are many different techniques that once practiced and mastered, can lead to success. The first step to good listening skills in lectures is to be prepared. By reading the chapter being covered, or re-reading notes it is easier to listen. Because the content is not being introduced for the first time, it is easier to comprehend it. Also by avoiding distractions, and picking a seat that is easy to pay attention in, the chances of listening well are increased, even before the teacher begins to speak. (Wells 1)A helpful hint to listening in a lecture is realizing that listening is a lot more than just hearing the words spoken at a lecture. In actuality listening is a cognitive activity that processes and interprets the information heard. There are certain things that a student may be able to say that can help their ability to listen well. By repeating â€Å"I am going to listen†, a student goes into the lecture with an objective, thus helping them stay on task. Also, by repeating the phrase â€Å"I am going to listen because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is another way to stay o n track because it forces the student to have an objective. When an objective is present it is much easier to listen because it is like a goal is obtainable. (Boyd 1)Being an effective listener takes the ability to channel things out. A student should â€Å"engage† the speaker. This means that they should block out everything else around them, and create an internal conversation between the speaker and them while the speaker is lecturing. This includes actively anticipating and questioning what the lecturer says and sorting or categorizing the information being presented. (University of Guelph 1)When listening in lectures, the student must be able to adapt to the style of the speaker. He or she decides what topics the lecture will cover, as well as how quickly information is presented. Adapting to a fast or monotonous pace is a challenge for even the most experienced student. Getting information and advice on note taking strategies can be helpful if your skills are challenged by your instructors particular lecturing style. (University of Guelph 1)Two common dilemmas facing students in lectures are deciding what and how much to write down, and determining the best method for recording that information. It is common for first year students who are used to the direction and structure of high school classes to have difficulties in deciding what to write down in a lecture. At university, youre responsible for piecing together information about your instructors objectives for the course, how the lectures and textbook fit together, what you are expected to do with the lecture material, and how you will be evaluated. Its important to be aware of this kind of information because these factors and others form the basis for the decisions you make about how much to write down in lectures, the amount of detail in which youll study your texts, and what course material to concentrate on when preparing for exams. (University of Guelph 1)Concentration is also a big comp laint of many students. There are many techniques that a student can practice to be able to better concentrate. â€Å"The Spider Technique†, for one is a very good self-training technique. â€Å"The Spider Technique† helps the students to not give into distractions by training themselves. If a vibrating tuning fork were held next to a spider web he spider would react and come looking for what was vibrating. However, after a few times, the spider would smarten up and realize that there was no bug vibrating the web. This technique can be related into concentration. When in a lecture, if someone coughs, sneezes, moves or makes some type of other distraction, don’t participate. Instead of looking up to see who or what just happened, concentrate harder on your own work. By doing this, it enables the student to concentrate with the ability to not be distracted. (Kansas State University 1)Another problem that students complain of is that they think about other things i nstead of listening to the lecturer speaking. This problem can easily be avoided by taking a couple necessary steps. The first step being to set aside time each day to just think. By thinking at a set time, it keeps the mind from wandering and thinking at times when it shouldn’t. If in a lecture, a student feels the need to think about other things, they simply have to remind themselves that they have a time set aside to think about it. (Kansas State University 1)Bibliography:Works CitedBoyd, Paula. â€Å"Lecture Note Taking†. 1/15/02. http://virtual.parkland.cc.il.us/studyskills/LectureNotetaking/ListeningGuidelines.htmSchuette, Clifford G. â€Å"Improving Your Concentration†. 1/15/02. http://www.ksu.edu/counseling/concentr.htmlWells, Gregory. â€Å"In the Classroom- Listening and Note Taking†. 1/14/02. .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 , .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .postImageUrl , .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 , .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180:hover , .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180:visited , .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180:active { border:0!important; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180:active , .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180 .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c22e001969c6909a85bbcb6f90cc180:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Idea of Colonizing Mars Sample Essay http://www.csbsju.edu/academicadvising/help/clasroom.htmlUniversity of Guelph, â€Å"Fastfax: Learning from Lectures†. 1/14/02. www.learningcommons.uoguelph.ca%2Flearning%2Ffastfax%2Flectures.htm

The windeby girls Essay Example

The windeby girls Paper Seamus Heaney was a great poet who was influenced by his surroundings and the mystic secrets of the landscape. He was taken in by the idea of the beautiful peatlands that could preserve almost any object or person it swallowed. Over the years the peatlands has been used for a variety of things. In this essay I will explore the links between Seamus Heaney and how he relates through his two poems Bog Queen and Punishment the historical links from the bog bodies era to today. As I previously mentioned the peatlands was used for a variety of things, these things consisted of the construction of building materials, filters, fuel, and peat moss. Not only did the peatlands provide hard materials but also it was a habitat for many mammals, birds and it even provided a reasonable home for plants to grow such as wild berries. During the iron ages these natural organisms provided a way of life to the people who lived off the peatlands. Not only does Seamus Heaney link the historical features in his poems but we can also see these features for ourselves when things such as, when the stone age people brought over animals for grazing because the land was rich in minerals and nutrients, this is still done in Irelands society today. Many people believed that the peatlands was much like a history book as it is renowned for preserving the organic and in organic remains of settlements such as, tombs, farms, track ways, implements, and bog bodies. We will write a custom essay sample on The windeby girls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The windeby girls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The windeby girls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The bog bodies were people who either was buried, killed, or committed suicide and was then swallowed by the land of the peat. The peatlands is such a brilliant preserver of skeleton, skin, hair, internal organs and clothing, when it comes to finding out about the bog bodies scientists can analyse in much detail the bodys stomach contents, the bodys diseases, the date of death and how the person died. Not only do they look at the body but they also very closely examine its clothing. By taking the time to look in great detail of the way the clothes were weaved, what colours they were, the fabric used and also the sticking techniques, it helps scientists to date the body as close as they can. These brilliant bog bodies have the extraordinary power to abolish temporal distance, to make the past present. These amazing dead bodies are unbelievably hundreds of years old however people still believe that from their facial expressions we can only begin to imagen the life the bog body had and whether they were killed, murdered, executed or had committed suicide. Scientists can tell from these bodies there social status by clothing, jewellery and they can also tell this sometimes by taking into account the bodies last meal. The peatlands manage to preserve the body so well that scientists can take a look into the bodys stomach in order to see this. Both of the amazing poems in which I will be studying are both quatrains with links of the past; they are also long narrow poems, which are usually very old fashioned. In some ways these poems are very similar, however on some aspects of the poems they are very different, but on the other hand they both show historical links of the past and the present. Starting with the poem Punishment, this poem is based on the 14-year-old girl who was hung for adultery and you see a lot of reference towards this young girl, she is known as the windeby girl. This is known as a controversial poem as it reflects Seamus Heaneys ambiguous relationship with the IRA as he has the understandings of the crimes whilst also condemning them. A very good tool in which this is expressed is the way in which this poem is written as it is through the eyes of Seamus Heaney himself. This is clearly highlighted throughout this poem. You are able to notice this straight away as in the first stanza on the first line it says I can feel the tug. This immediately tells the readers that this isnt going to be a pleasant subject in which the poem is written. By using the word tug it is a very onomatopoeic way to start a poem, and by using such a strong line to start the poem it emphasizes the way in which he identifies himself with her. As Seamus Heaney carries on to explain what he sees in the rest of the stanza he uses the alliteration of nape and neck to imitate the rope pulling on her neck. The last line of the first stanza is boat imagery that is used throughout this poem. You can spot this as Seamus Heaney writes On her naked front referring to the lady at the front of a boat. Moving on the second stanza you once again have boat imagery on lines three and four as it says it shakes the frail rigging / of her ribs you can tell this is boat imagery as rigging is the part of the boat. However, the previous line to the boat imagery is bog imagery, you can see that most of the imagery used in this poem has a connection to water, and you will continue to notice this. The phrase to amber beads is as I said not only bog imagery but also as the peatlands managed to preserve things just as amber does this but it is also a natural object of the world just as the peatlands are. Bog imagery is also continued into stanza three. The words in which identify this are drowned, body in the bog and weighing stone. These are all carried on lines one, two and three of the third stanza. If you havent already noticed each stanza of this poem contains enjambment, this means that each line runs over. An easy way to spot this is to see whether each line contains a comma or a full stop at the end. However not only is bog imagery used but also boat imagery is used once again, in the final line of this stanza, floating rods and boughs. Contrasting the point of most of the imagery is someway connected to water; in the fourth stanza tree imagery is used. The windeby girls skin is compared to a tree without bark as Seamus Heaney wrote she was a barked sapling.

7 Common Mistakes to Avoid You Make When You Meet New People

7 Common Mistakes to Avoid You Make When You Meet New People First impressions are incredibly important. Don’t botch yours by making silly mistakes that undermine your chances of being taken seriously. Wondering whether you might be making any of these totally avoidable errors? Double check your meeting-new-people routine and make sure you aren’t falling victim to any of these faux pas.1. Me me me me me†¦Talking too much about yourself can be very  off-putting. You’ve been in that situation- suffering a seemingly endless monologue from some contact whose hand you’ve only just shaken. It’s an easy trap to fall into, particularly when you’re meant to be networking and selling yourself.Remember to take a step back every now and then and ask some questions about the person you are speaking with. And keep in mind that dominance is not the same as confidence. You can let the conversation be more equal and still project the confidence and control you’ve been working so hard to cultivate.2. Not  Talking About YourselfAlmost as bad as droning on and on about yourself is not talking about yourself enough. Don’t make the other person do all of the conversational heavy-lifting. Don’t give one word answers to thoughtful questions. Don’t be evasive, etc.3. Complaining All the TimeIf you’re just meeting someone, the last thing you want is to give the impression that you’re a moaner. Try to keep it positive, at least for the first half an hour of your acquaintance. You can complain to your family and friends all you like. Keep professional settings positive.4. Buying the First RoundYou may think that you’re ingratiating yourself to a group you’ve just met by offering to bring drinks for everyone back from the bar. But it can actually be more beneficial to a new connection for them to feel like they are doing you a favor. Let someone else grab your drink, then thank them warmly. No need to be the waitress or the star. Just focus on the impression you most want to make.5. Not Being Up-FrontSometimes you meet someone you’ve been following online. It’s awkward and problematic to pretend you don’t know things that you do. Be open about how you’ve made their Internet acquaintance- this will give you something extra to chat about more naturally. And the same goes for not pretending you know more about someone you’ve been introduced to than you do. In these, as in so many cases, honesty is best.6. Over-ComplimentingYou may want to impress someone, but being too complimentary can actually freak people out. And will definitely make you look like you’re just sucking up. Try to keep it as genuine as possible.7. Getting Too PersonalThink of a networking event or opportunity as a first date. Keep things on a somewhat even and considered keel. There will be time for oversharing if you develop a real friendship or connection. Try not to overwhelm your new connection right off the bat .

8 Places to Practice Italian in Italy

8 Places to Practice Italian in Italy You’ve taken all the community classes your town has to offer, chat with a language partner whenever you can, and listen to Italian music while you drive. Now you’re ready to go to Italy and put all of your hard work into practice. What’s more, you’ve been to the bigger, touristy cities, like Florence, Assisi, and Pisa, which were all lovely, but you want to experience a side of Italy that’s less populated by tour groups and their flags. You want to spend time in a town where very few people speak English or where they’re more willing to play along with you as you figure out this Italian-language thing that you’ve come to love. If that’s you, I’ve put together a short list for you of eight places to visit in Italy if you want to practice your Italian. Of course, there are thousands of towns, large and small, that I could have listed, and no matter where you go, you may still encounter the niece of the proprietor who spent her summer in London and wants to practice her English. I can’t promise you a 100% English-free experience, but I can give you a fighting chance to avoid being â€Å"English-ed.† 8 Places to Visit in Italy If You Want to Practice Italian Northern Italy 1. Bergamo Bergamo is a city (just over 115k in population) in northern Italy that’s around 45 minutes away from Milan by car. While it has a decent-sized expat community, you’ll find less American influence and more Germanic influence. Past visitors recommend taking a walk at Citt Alta (accessible both by way of the funicolare and walking), visiting Castello di Vigilio, and of course, il Duomo. If you’re looking to try a traditional dish, the recommended one is casonsei alla bergamesca, also called casoncelli alla bergamesca.   2.  Reggio Emilia With just over 163k people, Reggio Emilia is well-populated, but don’t let that fool you. I’ve been assured that there are plenty of opportunities to practice your Italian while also learning how to be buone forchette (good forks- those who eat plenty and well). If you have a full day at your disposal, start new conversations while you gawk at Santiago Calatrava bridges from the station, after having walked quietly through il Tempio della Beata Vergine della Ghiara, and as you lounge in Piazza Prampolini (also called Piazza Grande). Oh, and make sure to try l’erbazzone, a type of pot pie made with simple ingredients that’s famous in the region. For more tips on what to do in Reggio Emilia (and to learn some new Italian vocabulary), check out this article from Tasting the World. 3. Ferrara At just over 359k, Ferrara is no small town, but just like Reggio Emilia, there are numerous chances to stretch your Italian to its limits. If you want to hang out with the farreresi, take a passeggiata along le mura  (the walls), eat il pasticcio di maccheroni (and about 47 other nap-inducing dishes), and then ask for directions to Via delle Volte, a characteristic alleyway of the city. For more tips on where to meet people and speak Italian, check out this article from Viaggiare, uno stile di vita. Central Italy 1. Volterra At just over 10.5k residents, Volterra is the third smallest of the places to visit in Italy to practice your Italian. This borgo in Tuscany has Etruscan origins and yep, it was used as the setting for the second Twilight movie (which, to be accurate, was actually filmed in Montepulciano- a town that made the honorable mentions list down below). If you happen to find yourself in Volterra (whether you came hoping to live the magic of New Moon or not- seriously, no judgment), here are a few suggestions for making sure you open your mouth to speak- and eat, of course. First, to start the day off on a ultra positive note, chat about the devices used while browsing il Museo della Tortura, have some cinghiale alla volterrana for lunch, and then hang out in a local bar with the intention to start as many conversations as possible about calcio.    2. Montefalco You’ll find the tiny town (just over 5.6k in population) in Umbria- one of, I might add, my favorite regions in Italy full of green rolling hills and truffles†¦ but I digress. After visiting the main piazza, buy some pan mostato from a nearby panificio, do a tasting of the Sagrantino di Montefalco, and then check out one of the many pathways that hold the same name. Nearby you can also visit  Spello and Bevagna. 3. Viterbo While Viterbo- the city, not the province- does have some beautiful attractions, like Palazzo Papale and Le Terme, which are hot springs, the real beauty of this city in the Lazio region is in its ordinariness. While there is a university with plenty of international students and an exchange program for Americans, the majority of the people who live there don’t speak English. If you’re hanging out there for the day, go straight from the train station to Pizza DJ and grab a slice of the freshest pizza that you can get. Then, take a walk down the corso, stop in a bar and start a conversation with whoever looks friendly. Before settling down for dinner at either the pizzeria Il Labirinto or pasta at La Spaghetteria- famous for having over 300 types of saucespop in and out of the bookshops or grab a gelato from L’antica Latteria. For more suggestions on what to do in Viterbo, check out this article from Trekity. Southern Italy 1. Scilla This small town, or paese, in Reggio Calabria boasts a population of 5k. Besides having a mythologically-based namethe monster that was transformed by Circeit’s characterized primarily by small alleyways that, when followed, lead directly to the sea and houses next to the water that look perpetually sleepy. Besides eating ridiculously fresh seafood on the terrace of a restaurant, the best way to spend your time here is by visiting il borgo di Chianalea, learning some Calabrian dialect from the locals at the bar, or take a dive and learn all kinds of marine-related vocabulary. 2. Lecce Our final place to visit is Lecce, in Puglia, with a population of just over 94k. You can start your day on the more touristy side by having un caffà ¨ at Caffà ¨ Alvino, right in front of the Anfiteatro, or you can seek out a more local place to start your giornata leccese. Then, take a walk at one of the many beaches, get your fill of museums, and then try some sagne torte, or Sagne ‘ncannulate in dialecta pasta dish. For more suggestions, take a gander at this article from Vacanze Lecce. In the event you’re wanting to visit towns with a bit more activity and practice your Italian, here are five that are touristy, but may still play along with your attempts. 3 Other Italian Places to Practice Italian 1. Orvieto - Umbria: You can more about how you can learn Italian in this city in this article. 2. Montepulciano - Tuscany: If you’re interested in learning Italian here, check out Il Sasso school. 3. Monteverde Vecchio in Rome - Lazio: While Rome can generally be categorized a very English-driven tourist city, there are zones, or neighborhoods, that will humor you when you make your best efforts to speak Italian, and Monteverde Vecchio falls squarely in that department.

Emplyee relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emplyee relation - Essay Example This implied that ministers would use available policies like tax cuts, increased state spending to improve economic activities and achieve full employment. Unlike in the pre-war era, trade unions were encouraged by the UK government and regularly consulted on the most suitable workplace relation and relevant economic policies. With the economic changes that happened in the 1980s when government reduced its role in the utility industry like gas and electricity following their privatization, a significant impact was experienced in employee relations. Companies had more control over their internal employee association policies unlike in the early post-war years when government had ultimate authority. The government’s welfare policies through the national insurance system and National Health Service (NHS) have since 1979, shaped employment relations by ensuring that employers are held accountable to the wee-being of their employees. By promoting equality through social frameworks and progressive taxation policies, the government is significantly influencing employment relations. Employee involvement is when an environment where members of staff have a contribution to decision that touch on their jobs. It is used as a philosophy in continuous improvement within organizations when people are allowed to make contributions. Empowerment, on the other hand, occurs when lead employees are given room to make managerial decisions. Employee engagement is the art of keeping the workforce occupied for maximum productivity and may include letting them play games during breaks. Finally, industrial democracy occurs when policies that touch on employee welfare are a joint product of the organization’s management and representatives of the workforce. From these forms, industrial democracy is the best representative of employees’ interests because it involves them at the policy level. Getting involved at the policy level

Israeli military calculations towards iran Essay

Israeli military calculations towards iran - Essay Example Iran is also perceived by Israel to be offensive as it supports militant and terrorist groups that oppose Israel rule and existence. These groups are given financial help and military training and they include Palestine Islamic jihad and Hezbollah which threatens the security of Israel. The outrageous statements uttered by Iranian leaders and which are supported by the neighboring Arab countries clearly indicate that Iran is committed to ensuring that the state of Israel faces many problems ranging from terrorism to destruction of the whole nation. For example, Ahmedinejaad the president of Iran has denied holocaust and has threatened to wipe Israel from the map and has characterized Israel as an artificial state whose end is near. This verbal attacks are meant to enhance the primacy of Iran has a powerful country in the region, something Israel considers to be a threat to its security. Meanwhile in Israel the government is under pressure with how it is handling the terrorist groups, their continuous firing of rockets toward Israel and how the events are related to Iran’s outbursts. This pressure is revealed in the Sunday times newspaper which says that Israel has been preparing to attack Iran’s nuclear sites using nuclear weapons because the sites are heavily protected by thick rocks. To make sure that this happens, Israel president has appointed right wing politicians for example Lieberman and Effie Eitem who believe that all Israel enemies have to be subdued. However, USA the main ally of Israel has given mixed issue to Iranian issued.USA asserts that it will not allow Iran to have nuclear weapons but the chances of giving such approval are not there at the moment. USA is ready to strike Iran as long as there is believable intelligence evidence that it has weaponized its uranium programs. Attacking Iranian nuclear require complex planning because most targets are far

The Tyger Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Tyger† Ana Melching Does god create both gentle and fearful creatures? If he does what right does he have? Both of these rhetorical questions are asked by William Blake in his poem â€Å"The Tyger.† The poem takes the reader on a journey of faith, questioning god and his nature. The poem completes a cycle of questioning the creator of the tyger, discussing how it could have been created, and then returns to questioning the creator again. Both questions about the tyger’s creator are left unanswered. William Blake uses rhythm, rhyme, and poetic devices to create a unique effect and to parallel his theme in his work â€Å"The Tyger.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Blake’s choice of rhythm is important to his poem â€Å"The Tyger† because it parallels the theme of the poem, that the tyger may have been made by god or another harsher creator. Most of the poem is written in trochaic tetrameter as can be seen in line three, when Blake says, â€Å"What immortal hand or eye.† This rhythm is very harsh sounding, exemplifying the very nature of the tyger. Some of the lines in the poem were written in iambic tetrameter, such as in line ten, when Blake says, â€Å"Could twist the sinews of thy heart? .† Iambic tetrameter has a much softer sounding beat than does trochaic tetrameter. This implies the gentle nature of god, and if he could create such a beast. The last word of each quatrain is written in a spondee. This h...

David Berman Essay

David Berman reviewed the macroeconomic numbers on inventory turns as he prepared for his regular appearance on CNBC’s â€Å"Squawk Box† as a morning co-host. A leading expert on â€Å"consumer related† stocks, Berman and his colleagues including portfolio manager Steve Kernkraut, a seasoned retail executive and analyst, were frequent contributors to various TV shows. On April 4th 2005, Fortune magazine ran a story on Berman called â€Å"King of the Retail Jungle†, and on December 13th, 2004, Barron’s ran a story called â€Å"Smart Shopper† where Berman’s four stock picks as identified, appreciated 30% on average over the next quarter. â€Å"Off air† he was a fund manager as well as founder and president of Berman Capital (which managed proprietary funds) and founder of and general partner in New York-based Durban Capital, L.P. (which managed outside and proprietary capital). Glancing at his notes on macro trends in retail inven tory turns, Berman wondered if he should talk about his impressions on the show. Berman held a bachelors degree in finance and masters equivalency in accountancy from the University of Cape Town in South Africa. He had also passed the South African chartered accountant and the United States CPA examinations. Berman obtained his CPA qualification in California while an auditor for Arthur Andersen and Company where he examined the financial statements and operations of a number of retail clients. He had been the auditor of Bijan, the notable men’s upscale clothing store on Rodeo Drive and 5th Avenue. Prior to starting his own funds Berman worked as a portfolio manager and analyst primarily at two Wall Street firms. He evolved his investment style under the tutelage of Michael Steinhardt of Steinhardt Partners, which he joined shortly after graduating with distinction from Harvard Business School in 1991. From 1994 to 1997 Berman worked in consumer-related stocks at another large hedge fund. He subsequently launched Berman Capital in 1997 and Durban Capital i n 2001. Professor Ananth Raman of Harvard Business School, Professor Vishal Gaur of the Stern School of Business at New York University, and Harvard Business School Doctoral Candidate Saravanan Kesavan prepared this case. Certain details have been disguised. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2005 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu or 617-783-7860. 605-081David Berman Berman believed that his training as an accountant together with his MBA and practices he developed over the years to refine accounting estimates enabled him to notice aspects of retail accounts that would be missed by most investors. The relationship between inventory and earnings and therefore share price, for example, while obvious to a retailer, was seldom recognized by analysts or investors. â€Å"This relationship,† Berman observed, â€Å"is ASTOUNDINGLY powerful, but surprisingly few understand why. Most think it’s just a function of inventory risk. It’s not. It’s primarily a function of how the operating margins can be manipulated by management in the short term by playing around with inventories†. â€Å"For example,† said Berman, â€Å"if a retailer’s inventories are growing much faster than sales, then gross margins would be higher than they ordinarily should be, as the retailer has not taken the mark-downs that a solid disc iplined retailer should take.† â€Å"Interestingly,† Berman beamed, â€Å"there is no law in GAAP that limits the number of days’ inventory to any â€Å"norm,† and as such, the practice of increasing inventories beyond any â€Å"norm† goes unfettered.† Berman continued â€Å"managements sign-off on the inventories as being fairly valued, and the auditors pretty much rely on their word.† Berman believed that â€Å"from an investor’s perspective, it’s a game of musical chairs; you don’t want to be the last person standing. In other words, you don’t want to be an investor when sales slow and when mark-downs of the bloated inventory finally need to be taken to move the goods†. The relationship of inventories to sales was also an important one that Berman focused on. â€Å"In a period of rising inventories on a square foot basis†, Berman says â€Å"it is quite obvious that same store sales should rise as the offering to the customer is that much greater. Simply put, the more offerings you put in a store, ceteris paribus, the bigger sales should be.† â€Å"It is at this time,† Berman argued, â€Å"that the stock price rises, as investors place higher valuations on retailers with higher sales, despite that this higher valuation is achieved primarily due to the higher inventories†. An excellent example of the inventory to sales relationship was Home Depot: In 2001 and 2002 Home Depot’s new CEO, Bob Nardelli1, seemed to struggle in managing the transition from a cash-flow GE-type philosophy to a retailer Home Depot-type philosophy. In his DeeBee Report2 dated June 10th 2003, Berman stated: â€Å"Bob Nardelli learned the power of inventory the hard way. In focusing on cash flow improvement, he dramatically lowered inventories – and yes, increased cash balances – only to see a huge decline in same store sales, and in its stock price {the stock went from around $40 to $22}. And so, under immense pressure, Nardelli reversed course and focused intensely on increasing inventories. Since Q2 of last year, inventories had been building until they were up 25% year over year. And yes, same store sales did improve, as did the stock price.† Recognizing this as potentially a short-fix, Berman continued â€Å"Now the cynical would view this increase in sales with skepticism, noting that it wasn’t of â€Å"high quality† as it was due, in part, to the massive inventory build. It is, however, pleasing to note that Home Depot simply got inventories back to â€Å"normal†, in that it now has turns similar to its’ competitors†. The stock, following the same store sales and earnings increases, which in essence followed the inventories increase, rose from $22 at the start of 2003 to $36 by the end of 2003. When asked about this â€Å"fix†, Berman responded â€Å"it will be more challenging for Nardelli to increase same store sales and margins going forward because his increasing inventories and therefore same store sales is arguably a one-time benefit and is essentially what caused the â€Å"fix†. Berman concluded by 1 Nardelli had worked at General Electric (GE) before taking over as CEO of the Home Depot. 2 A periodic report where Berman discusses his thoughts on retail, focusing on inventories. Given his insights as articulated, Berman believed his fund could value firms more accurately through better valuation of inventory. This was pivotal to his investment strategy. â€Å"You see,† Berman elaborated, â€Å"Wall Street basically ignores inventory. It’s actually quite amazing to me! This gives us one of our edges.† Comparing recently gathered retailer numbers that examined total sales in the U.S. economy to total inventory, for almost 300 retailers, Berman remarked: â€Å"The total sales to total inventory numbers is also a crucial relationship over time, and it gives us a macro edge, if that’s possible to believe. Indeed, at the end of Q2, 2003 I knew there would be serious inventory rebuilding in the economy going forward, as overall sales had grown at a faster rate than inventories. Indeed, in Q3, 2003 we saw a rapid and unexpected increase in GDP from 2.3% to 3.5% thanks in part to inventory rebuilding. This increase continued through Q1, 2 004 when GDP growth reached 5%.† Berman loved to discuss investment opportunities he had spotted by looking carefully at firm inventory: One of the clearest examples was Saucony (Nasdaq: SCNYA), a shoe company based near Boston, MA. Berman identified this company as a strong buy when he noticed in 2003 that even though sales were flattish, inventories had declined about 20% year over year. To Berman, this bode well for future gross margins. He started buying the stock at $14 in late 2003 due primarily to these lean inventories, despite that the stock was illiquid thus presenting greater risk, and despite that management was remarkably coy about sharing information. A year later, the stock had doubled. During this time period, sales rose, as did inventories, and of course, the gross margin expanded significantly, as expected. Earnings per share rose from $0.85 in 2002 to $1.29 in 2004. Berman’s selling, which came shortly after management asked him to ring the Nasdaq bell with them, was again based on a function  of his inventory analysis. This time it was the opposite scenario – inventories were now growing at the same pace as sales, so the trend of sales to inventories had deteriorated – and Berman was worried. To make matters worse, calls to management were not being returned. Sure enough, in March 2005, before Berman had gotten out of this illiquid position, Saucony announced it would miss earnings estimates and the stock cratered 20%. Yet another clear example was Bombay (NYSE: BBA). In November 2003, Bombay Company, a fashionable home accessories, wall dà ©cor, and furniture retailer, announced that sales were up 19% with inventories up 50% year over year. While the retailer beat earnings estimates, the company spoke of early November sales weakness, and the stock declined 20% that day to $10. Despite the decline, and noticing that inventories were up way too much, Berman felt the â€Å"music had stopped.† â€Å"Going into Q4 it was clear they would have to miss numbers again unless the consumer saved them, which would be a shocker†, he said. Just over two weeks later they lowered earnings again and the stock crated another 20% to $8. Remarkably, just four weeks later, after Christmas, management lowered earnings yet again, and the stock declined yet another 20%. â€Å"It was so sweet† exclaimed Berman, â€Å"to see the classic inventory / earnings relationship at work so quickly.† In just one and a half months, the stock declined 50% primarily because of inventory mismanagement along with weaker sales. As Berman prepared to leave for the studio, Christina Zinn, a young apprentice he had just hired from Harvard Business School, walked in and presented him with a stack of papers containing the valuation of John B. River (John B. River Clothiers, Inc. NASDAQ: JONR). â€Å"JONR is undervalued,† Zinn remarked, â€Å"and I think we should invest in this stock. Sales were up 24% in 2004 over the previous year, and gross margins, having risen for four straight years, seem to have peaked at 60% (one of the highest gross margins in all of US retail). 2005, the company’s price/earnings ratio is less than that of its primary competitor, Men’s Wearhouse, which is at 17.5 times estimated earnings. This is particularly strange given that John B. River has been growing faster than Men’s Wearhouse during the last few years.† Inventory Productivity in the Retail Sector Inventory turnover, the ratio of cost of goods sold to average inventory level, was commonly used to measure the performance of inventory managers, compare inventory productivity across retailers, and assess performance improvements over time.3 But wide variations in the annual inventory turnover of U.S. retailers year to year not only across, but also within, firms made it difficult to assess inventory productivity in practice, as evidenced by the following example and questions. Between 1987 and 2000 annual inventory turnover at Best Buy Stores, Inc. (Best Buy), a consumer electronics retailer, ranged from 2.85 to 8.53. Annual inventory turnover at three peer retailers during the same period exhibited similar variation: at Circuit City Stores, Inc. from 3.97 to 5.60; at Radio Shack Corporation from 1.45 to 3.05; and at CompUSA, Inc. from 6.20 to 8.65. Given such variation how could inventory turnover be used to assess these retailers’ inventory productivity? Could these variations be correlated with better or worse performance? Could it be reasonably concluded from this example that Best Buy managed its inventory better than Radio Shack? Inventory turnover could be correlated with other performance measures. Strong correlations, as between inventory turnover and gross margin, might have implications for the assessment of retailers’ inventory turnover performance. (Figure 1 plots the four consumer electronics retailers’ annual inventory turnover against their gross margins (the ratio of gross profit net of markdowns to net sales) for the period 1987-2000.) Relationships among Management Measures Relationships among inventory turns, gross margins, and capital intensity were central to deriving suitable benchmarks for assessing corporate performance. (Figure 2 presents a simplified view of an income statement and balance sheet. Table 1 presents mathematical definitions for inventory turnover, gross margin, capital intensity, return on assets, sales growth, and other management measures based on Figure 2 .) Whereas return on assets, sales growth, return on equity, and financial leverage tended not to vary systematically from one retail segment to another, variation in the components of return on assets was observed between and within industry segments. (Table 2 lists retail segments4 and examples of firms.) Table 3 presents gross margins, inventory turns, GMROI5, and asset turns for supermarkets, drugstores, convenience stores, apparel retailers, jewelry retailers, and toy stores.) Retailers with stable, predictable demand and long product lifecycles such as grocery, drug, and convenience stores tended to have better â€Å"efficiency ratios† (asset turns and inventory turns) than other retailers, retailers of short lifecycle products such as apparel, shoes, electronics, jewelry, and An alternative measure of inventory productivity, days of inventory, could be substituted for inventory turnover for the present analysis. Classification of segments is based on S&P’s Compustat database. GMROI is defined as gross margin return on inventory investment. Variation in gross margins, inventory turns, and SG&A expenses within and between segments ROE could be decomposed into gross margin and inventory turns, and further into the relationship between capital intensity and inventory turns (see below).Anticipating roughly similar ROE measures for different retailers, all else remaining equal, a change in any of the component metrics on the right side of the equation would be expected to result in a compensating change in some other component metric. For example, for ROE among retailers to be equivalent a retailer with higher gross margins would need to experience a compensating change in some other component, such as inventory turns. Gross margin and inventory turns: Gross margin and inventory turns were expected to be negatively correlated, that is, an increase in gross margin was expected to be accompanied by a decrease in inventory turnover. A retailer that carried a unit of product longer before selling it (i.e., a retailer with slower inventory turns) would expect to earn substantially more on its inventory investment than a retailer that carried the inventory item for a shorter period. For example, Radio Shack, which turned its inventory less frequently than twice a year,  was expected to realize higher gross margins on each sale than retailers such as CompUSA, which turned its inventory more than eight times per year. Retailers such as Radio Shack were said to be following the â€Å"profit path† (i.e., earning high profit with each sale), retailers such as CompUSA the â€Å"turnover path† (i.e., earning quickly after making an inventory investment small profits with each sale). Retailers within the same segment were expected to achieve equivalent inventory productivity. Inventory productivity could be estimated as the product of a firm’s gross margins and inventory turns, termed gross margin return on inventory investment or GMROI (pronounced â€Å"JIMROY†). If GMROI remained stable within a segment an inverse relationship between gross margin and inventory turns would be observed. (Figure 3 depicts the expected relationship.) A correlation between gross margin and inventory turns, although expected, did not, however, imply a causal relationship between the two variables. That is, a firm that increased its gross margin by better managing its inventory turns would not necessarily decline commensurately. The correlation between gross margin and inventory turns could instead reflect mutual dependence on the characteristics of a retailer’s business. Capital intensity and inventory turns: Investments in warehouses, information technology, and inventory and logistics management systems involved capital investment, which, being accounted for as fixed assets, was measured by an increase in capital intensity. Firms that made such capital investments often enjoyed higher inventory turns. Hence, inventory turns could be positively correlated with capital intensity. That an increase in inventory turnover and concurrent decrease in gross margin was not necessarily indicative of improved inventory management capability suggested limits to the use of inventory turnover in performance analysis. If, however, two firms had similar inventory turnover and gross margin values but different capital intensities the firm with the lower capital intensity might possibly have better inventory management capability. It was thus desirable to incorporate changes in gross margin and capital intensity into evaluations of inventory productivity. Zinn’s Analysis of John B. River Berman fidgeted in his chair. He enjoyed opportunities to evangelize to and educate television audiences, but found the wait in the studio tedious. Until called to hold forth on various aspects of managerial performance and investment strategy he would, he decided, wade through the report Zinn had prepared for him. Company Background On November 8, 2004 John B. River Clothiers, Inc., a leading U.S. retailer of men’s tailored and casual clothing and accessories, opened its 250th store. The retailer employed, in addition to the physical store format, two other channels: catalogs, and the Internet. Production of John B. River’s designs according to its specifications was contracted to third party vendors and suppliers. John B. River’s product suite, intended to dress a male career professional from head to toe, was identified with high quality and value. Its upscale, classic product offerings included tuxedos, blazers, shirts, ties, vests, pants, and sports wear. Excepting branded shoes from other vendors, all products were marketed under the John B. River brand. Trends in workplace clothing were an important determinant of John B. River sales growth. Thus, the early 1990s trend towards acceptability of informal clothing in the workplace was cause for concern to a retailer that emphasized men’s formal suits. But in the early 2000’s the pendulum seemed to swing back, with increasing numbers of employees preferring to dress more formally for the workplace. The material in this section is from John B. River Clothiers, Inc’s 2004 10-K Statement Retail stores were John B. River’s primary sales channel. Eighty percent of store space was dedicated to selling activities, the remaining 20% allocated to stockroom and tailoring and other support activities. Tailoring was a differentiating service highly valued by the retailer’s clientele. John B. River catered to high-end customers and so located its retail stores in areas with appropriate demographics. Its seven outlet stores provided a channel for liquidating excess merchandise. John B. River’s catalog and Internet channels accounted for approximately 11% of net sales in fiscal 2003 and 12% of net sales in fiscal 2002. Approximately eight million catalogs were distributed over these two years. Catalog sales were supported by a toll-free number that provided access to sales associates. The primary competitors of John B. River were Men’s Wearhouse Inc. (Ticker: MW) and Brooks Brothers (privately held). Apart from competing with these  specialty retailers, John B. River competed with large department stores such as Macy’s and Filenes, which enjoyed substantially greater financial and marketing resources. Supply Chain John B. River’s merchandise buying and planning staff used sophisticated information systems to convey product designs and specifications to suppliers and third party contract manufacturers and manage the production process worldwide. Approximately 24% of product purchases in fiscal 2003 were sourced from U.S. suppliers. Mexico accounted for 15% and none of the other countries from which products were sourced accounted for more than 10% of purchases. An agent was employed to source products from countries located in or near Asia. All inventory was received at a centralized distribution center (CDC), from which it was redistributed to warehouses or directly to stores. Store inventory was tracked using point-of-sale information and stock was replenished as necessary. John B. River expected to spend between $3 and $4 million in fiscal 2004 to increase the capacity of its CDC to accommodate 500 stores nationwide. Growth Strategy and Risks John B. River had developed a five-pronged strategy for achieving growth. First, it planned to further enhance product quality by elevating standards for design and manufacture. Second, it planned to expand catalog and internet operations. Third, it intended to introduce new products. Fourth, it was moving towards eliminating middlemen from the sourcing of products Fifth, it was committed to providing consistently high service levels by maintaining high inventory levels. Anticipating that growth relied on opening new stores, John B. River planned to expand to 500 stores. Approximately 60 stores were opened in fiscal 2004, increasing store count to 273, and about 75 to 100 stores were planned from  2005-08. Upfront costs associated with opening a new store included approximately $225,000 for leasehold improvements, fixtures, point-of-sale equipment, and so forth and an inventory investment of approximately $350,000, with higher inventory levels during peak periods. John B. River’s growth strategy was sensitive to consumer spending. John B. River relied on its emphasis on classic styles to retain a niche in men’s suits, a strategy that rendered it less vulnerable to changes in fashions but dependent on continued demand for classic styles. Zinn’s Analysis of John B. River’s Financial Statements Inventory: John B. River used the first-in-first out method to value inventory. During price increases FIFO valuation generated higher net income than LIFO valuation. John B. River’s inventory had been growing rapidly over the past four years. Zinn was surprised by the inventory growth, especially that inventory had grown faster than sales. Although inventory grew by 54% in 2003, corresponding sales growth was only 23%. In 2004 however, sales grew 24% while inventory grew by only 4%. Inventory at the end of 2004 however continued to be high at 303 days. Further the days’ payables increased from 54 days in 1998 to 82 days in 2004. Payables as a percentage of inventory however had declined from roughly 33% in 1998 to roughly 27% in 2004. But Zinn was not sure these concerns had much impact on her valuation of the company. Financial ratios: Current ratio and quick ratio had been hovering around 2 and 0.2, respectively.10,11 The large difference between these two ratios reflected the fact that most of John B. River’s current assets were inventory. Obsolescence costs would consequently be fairly high and could place the retailer in financial distress. The other financial ratios were indicative of a healthy company. ROE had increased from 15% to 27% since fiscal 2000. This increase had been largely fueled by an increasing profit margin (0.7% to 5.5% over the same period). John B. River had enjoyed rapid growth in sales over the last few years. Annual Sales growth had increased from 9% in 1998 to 24% in 2004, fueled by sales growth in existing stores (approximately 8% per year) as well as the opening of new stores and increased sales from the retailer’s catalog and internet channels. John B. River enjoyed a healthy increase in gross margins from 51% to 60% over the same period. Tables 4 and 5 provide key operational metrics for John B. River and Men’s Wearhouse. Prospective Analysis: Zinn had taken the Business Analysis and Valuation (BAV) class at HBS and discovered the â€Å"BAV tool.†12 She had used this tool to create a simpler model (used in the present analysis) to capture key aspects of valuation. Table 6 provides some key historical operational metrics for John B. River that Zinn used for her prospective analysis. Current ratio, defined as the ratio of current assets to current liabilities, was an indicator of a company’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations; the higher the ratio the more liquid the company. Quick ratio (or acid-test ratio), defined as the ratio of (cash + accounts receivable) to current liabilities, measured a company’s liquidity. The BAV tool was an Excel-based model developed by Harvard Business School faculty for valuing companies. Key assumptions made by Zinn in performing the prospective analysis of John B. River included the following. 1) Time horizon: Zinn chose a five year time horizon from 2005 to 2009 based on expected sales growth (derived from management projections). Beyond 2009 Zinn assumed the company to have reached a steady state defined by terminal values. 2) Sales growth: Zinn assumed that management’s projections for new stores were reasonable and that the new stores would be equivalent in size and productivity with the retailer’s existing stores. Using growth assumptions about stores and same store sales, Zinn computed sales growth for fiscal years 2005-2008 to be 18% (based on 15% square footage growth and 3% same store sale growth), and 10% for 2009. Sales after 2010 in Zinn’s analysis were expected to grow at the 4% industry standard for retail apparel stores13. 3) Gross margin: Gross margin had been steadily increasing; Zinn expected it to hover around 60% for the next five years and then assumed gross margin to reach its terminal value to reflect increased competition. 4) Other assumptions about the income statement: Zinn assumed that SG&A to sales and other operating expenses to sales would continue at the 2004 levels for the near term (till 2008). 5) Assumptions about the balance sheet: Zinn assumed that current assets to sales, current liabilities to sales, and long term assets to sales would continue at their 2004 levels, that is, the company would maintain a similar capital structure and remain as productive with its long term assets as in 2003. Zinn obtained terminal values from industry norms for â€Å"Men’s and boys’ clothing stores†14. The market risk premium was assumed to be 5%, risk free rate 4.3%, marginal tax rate 42%, and cost of debt 4.5%. Based on these assumptions, the value of a JONR share was estimated to be $43.58. Given the current (April 11th, 2005) closing price of $34.37 (see Figure 4 for historical stock prices of JONR), Zinn rated the stock a â€Å"strong buy.† You’re On the Air in Five Minutes! Berman knew he had to return to thinking about the bigger questions that would be posed by the host of the TV show. Yet he could not take his mind off of Zinn’s analysis. Berman smiled, knowing that his apprentice’s results were diametrically opposed to his own intuition. He recollected his conversation with the CEO and CFO of John B. River during one of the quarterly earnings calls when he was trying to learn about the retailer. When questioned about the steep increase in inventory, the CEO had mentioned that John B. River was planning to grow inventory in certain basic items like white shirts, khaki pants etc. as well as increase product variety to enhance service levels to its customers. Berman was not sure about this strategy of John B. River and wondered if the company’s gross margins were temporarily inflated based on increased inventories over the years. On the other hand, inventory management had improved of late. As reported on the 4th April 2005, Q4, 20 04 sales had increased 24% while inventories were up only 4% year over year.

Jfk And The President Jfk - 1368 Words

On November 22, 1963 shortly after noon the 35th president of the United States of America John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) was assassinated in Dallas Texas. The nation and the whole world was shocked in that day. In fact, president JFK was preparing for his next combine in Texas, he took a road trip by a motorcade with his wife Jacqueline Kennedy, Governor John Connally, and his wife Nellie. The road trip went through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas towards the trade mart, where the president was scheduled to give a speech there. The road that the president JFK was traveling on by his motorcade was fully crowded by citizen, reporter, and photographer, which all came out to see the president. Around 12:30, the president motorcade was on Main Street and less than ten minutes away from the trade mart, a gunshot was fired from Texas school book Depository which was on Main Street. President JFK was shot on his neck and his head, and the Governor John also was shot on his chest. The preside nt was taken to nearby hospital Parkland Memorial hospital. Half an hour later, it was announce that the president JFK was dead, and Governor John after a serious surgery. According to (John F. Kennedy Presidential Library Museum). The day that the president JFK was assassinated in Dallas, TX is unforgettable day for all American. Many reporters and journalists where at Main Street watching the president waving his hands when they heard the shooting. Most eyewitnesses recall that, they haveShow MoreRelatedJfk : The Assassination Of President Kennedy1448 Words   |  6 PagesEssay July 26, 2016 JFK On November 22, 1963 national tragedy struck America after the catastrophic death of the thirty-fifth president of the United States, John F. Kennedy. Kennedy arrived in Dallas with his wife, Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy, by his side and rode in a convertible limousine behind John and Nellie Connolly through Dealy Plaza. When the motorcade took way through downtown Dallas, shots were fired at president Kennedy soon killing him. The assassination of president John F. Kennedy madeRead MoreJFK: Americas Best President867 Words   |  4 PagesIn my opinion, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was America’s best President to serve from 1865 to the present. John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917 to a wealthy Catholic Irish family. Kennedy was the second oldest in a family with nine children. He attended Catholic prep schools in his childhood and graduated from Harvard University in 1940. After graduation, he joined the United States Navy and fought during World War Two. He received the Purple Heart for the injuries heRead MorePresident Jfk s Inaugural Speech2098 Words   |  9 Pageslarge roll in the viewers’ initial impressions of their newly elected president. 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JohnRead MoreKennedy Is an American Tragic Hero1695 Words   |  7 PagesJack Fitzgerald Kennedy, the thirty-fifth president of the United States is a tragic hero, because he possess four of the six traits a tragic hero must possess. This will be proven through the use of credible sources and explanation of these four traits. President Kennedy easily qualifies for the first rule of being a tragic hero because, he was a man of noble stature and greatness. Kennedy accomplished noble stature and greatness before he became president when he wrote a Pulitzer Prize novel, savedRead MoreA Brief Look at John F. Kennedy835 Words   |  4 Pagesby a U.S President whose term of office was cut short by a belligerent man. John F. Kennedy or JFK would grow to become one of the United States’s smartest and youngest Presidents in history. Unfortunately for JFK his life and term as President was cut short after being assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. Although JFK did not serve a full term as President he affected our nation in many positive ways and was on the best presidents we ever had. John Fitzgerald Kennedy also known as â€Å"JFK† because ofRead MoreThe Assassination Of Jfk Assassination Theory1385 Words   |  6 Pagesessay is the JFK assassination theory. I would like to research this because I have seen documents and videos online and on television about the conspiracy but I have not done full research into it to see the facts. With the presidents of the United States they are able to make or break the country with their decisions, with that JFK was assassinated due to that and other reasons. I will be going into this research thinking that there is a conspiracy behind the assassination of JFK that it wasn t